Hydraulic traits refer to the physical and mechanical properties of plant vascular systems that enable water transport from roots to leaves and vice versa. These traits are crucial for plant survival and growth as they influence a plant's ability to efficiently extract, transport, and distribute water throughout its tissues. Hydraulic traits can impact a plant's response to environmental stresses such as drought, flooding, and nutrient limitations. Researchers studying hydraulic traits often investigate how different species or genotypes vary in their hydraulic efficiency, resistance to embolism, and stomatal regulation in response to changing environmental conditions. Additionally, understanding hydraulic traits can provide insights into the evolution and adaptation of plants to their environments.